Archive for June, 2009

Thursday, June 4th, 2009

Medical Bills and Bankruptcy

The LA Times reports today on a Harvard study that shows medical bills played a role in 62 percent of all bankruptcies filed in 2007, a seven percent increase compared with 2001.

What's more, many of the people filing bankruptcy due to overwhelming medical bills had health insurance. From the LAT:

Medical insurance isn't much help, either. About 78% of bankruptcy filers burdened by healthcare expenses were insured, according to the survey, to be published in the August issue of the American Journal of Medicine.

"Health insurance is not a guarantee that illness won't bankrupt you," said Steffie Woolhandler, one of the authors, a practicing physician and an associate medical professor at Harvard.

It's not just high medical bills that contribute to bankruptcy, but also the lost wages and work time that an injury or illness can cause.

There is sometimes a stigma assocaited with filing bankruptcy, the idea that bankruptcy filers are irresponsible with their money. But this study shows:

Most people who filed medical-related bankruptcies "were solidly middle class before financial disaster hit," the study says. Two-thirds were homeowners, and most had gone to college.

Even if you plan for the unexpected, a sudden injury or illness can hit hard. Lost work time can cause your income to dry up, while extremely high medical bills turn a small, manageable amount of debt into an out-of-control giant.

Filing Bankruptcy and Medical Bills

For bankruptcy purposes, medical bills are considered unsecured debt.

This type of debt may be entirely discharged in a Chapter 7 bankruptcy filing.

In a Chapter 13 filing, your medical bills could be ordered and combined with other debts, and possibly reduced, in a bankruptcy trust.

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It seems like every day there’s a new area of the economy hurt by the current recession.

Unfortunately, today’s no exception. A recent report in the The New York Times suggests that student loan forgiveness programs may be in danger of diminishing, which could be bad news for the country.

What Is Loan Forgiveness?

Loan forgiveness works by adding incentives for doing certain types of work: In exchange for agreeing to work in specific fields, usually in a pre-determined area of the country, for a set number of years, the state will forgive a certain amount of your student loan debt. Currently, the government forgives loans for:

  • Math, science, special education, foreign language and other shortage-area teachers
  • Teachers in low-income areas
  • Social and childcare workers
  • Peace Corps volunteers
  • People with law and medical degrees working in areas in need of their services

Forgiveness programs have several benefits. Here’s an overview of how they work:

  • Students choose jobs with relatively low incomes but high value. For example, someone with math or science skills may choose to teach rather than go into banking right away, knowing that a few years in the classroom will eliminate most or all of her student debt.
  • Communities in need of skilled professionals get the workers who can help them. Most government programs work by identifying specific places, usually low-income areas, where graduates can work to have their loans forgiven.
  • Recent graduates eliminate worry often associated with educational debt. Because student loans cannot be discharged in most bankruptcy filings, it’s important for graduates to repay them, and forgiveness programs help them do so.

Recession = Less Loan Forgiveness?

Now, many states are struggling to balance their budgets and forgiveness programs are reportedly seen as non-essential in many cases.

And the federal government and private sources of income are similarly strapped, which translates to less money all around.

It’s not hard to figure out what this could mean in the long run: current students will be less likely to enter low-paying fields because they’ll have heavy loans to repay.

Those currently in loan forgiveness programs may look for better-paying work elsewhere if their forgiveness amount is cut. And communities in need of competent nurses and teachers will suffer.

If you're neck-high in debt, take some time to learn about filing bankruptcy.

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If it's after Memorial Day that means we can start talking about summer weather, right? (I say this even though it's cold and rainy in Chicago right now.

So as temperatures do, eventually, start to warm up, it’s time to start thinking about ways to keep your temperature and your energy bills down. Luckily, it can be done. Here’s how.

  • Don’t ignore the old advice. Though you’ve probably heard this suggestion a hundred times, it never hurts to repeat it: turn off appliances you’re not using. This goes for computers, TVs, radios, phone chargers, etc.
  • Check your air filters. Old, clogged air filters can decrease the efficiency of your air conditioner and heater, meaning you’ll use more energy and get less benefit. At the start of each season, replace old filters with fresh ones. Some estimates say a clean air filter could save you 5 percent a month.
  • Take advantage of more sunlight: Instead of turning on lights whenever you enter a room, see if you can rely on natural lighting. Plus, in the summer, fewer lights on means less heat released into the room.
  • Power down the computer. If you’re at home more during the summer, you may be tempted to leave your computer on all day. But this can guzzle energy and produce more heat. Shut down or put into sleep mode machines you aren’t using.
  • Cook at night. If possible, use the oven and stove during cooler hours of the day to avoid over-heating the house. Dishes like pasta salad, chicken salad and fresh fruit taste great chilled and can be made ahead of time. If you can’t prepare food before meals, try grilling – it’ll keep the heat outside.
  • Try windows and fans. Fans use less energy than air conditioning, so if you can stand it, try to cool your house without using the AC. According to a recent story by the Dallas Morning News, for every degree below 78 you set your thermostat expect to pay 5-7 percent more for your utility bill at the end of the month.
  • Guzzle yourself cool. Never underestimate the power of cool drinks like iced tea, lemonade and plain old water. Keeping yourself well hydrated is one way to make the heat seem less oppressive.
  • Adjust automatic appliances: If you have a timer for outdoor lights or a thermostat, make sure you take advantage of it. Keep the house warmer when you’re away and save the AC for when you’re home. And make sure automatic lights don’t come on until the sun’s down.
  • Close the curtains: Using heavy curtains to block harsh sunlight really can lower the heat in your house.
  • Look for Energy Star: If you’re in the market for new appliances, look for ones with high energy ratings. And use them wisely. This means only do full loads of dishes and laundry and use cold water.

Remember, a little savings can go a long way. A 5 percent savings may not sound like much, but if your bill is $200 a month then you could save $30 by the end of August. And that's enough to buy ice cream for everyone on Labor Day.

If you're doing everything you can to cut back and you're still struggling to make ends meet, it may be time to think about filing bankruptcy.

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