Archive for the ‘Economic News: How Are We Doing?’ Category

Many Americans currently considering bankruptcy are in financial trouble partly because of the struggling housing market. Underwater mortgages (those in which the homeowner owes more than the home’s current value) are a reality for as many as 28 percent of American homeowners.

Even though bankruptcy law prohibits the court from modifying the terms of a primary mortgage, some bankruptcy lawyers have found a legal way to help their clients stay in their home and avoid foreclosure.

Unsecured Second Mortgages

Here’s the process some bankruptcy petitioners are following to help ease their mortgage debt:

  • File for Chapter 13 bankruptcy: Entering a Chapter 13 case means that the filer agrees to a three- to five-year repayment plan in which she will catch up on past-due debts.
  • Petition the court to declare a second mortgage unsecured debt: Filers who have second mortgages that, combined with their primary mortgages, exceed the value of their home’s current value, may be able to make this move. A bankruptcy lawyer can explain in more detail how the move works and whether it might be possible in any individual’s case.
  • Make payments according to the repayment plan: If the court accepts the petition, the filer must continue making payments according to her repayment plan for the duration of the bankruptcy case. At the end of the case, the remaining unsecured debt (including that from the second mortgage) may be excused by the court.
  • Avoid foreclosure: In many cases, reclassifying a second mortgage as unsecured debt allows filers to make mortgage payments and remain in their homes.

The Winners and the Losers

Naturally, this legal maneuver is good news for struggling homeowners and potential bankruptcy filers. But banks and other lenders are apparently less than thrilled about the development – after all, they’re the ones who lose out on mortgage payments when debts are excused in court.

But, as one news outlet reminds us, the only way to change the law is an act of Congress. Given the current state of the American housing market and level of financial difficulty many Americans are facing, a move of that sort seems unlikely: what politician would want to be responsible for taking away a tool for avoiding foreclosure?

Can You Save Your Home from Foreclosure?

In order to take advantage of this legal protection, your financial situation must meet a number of criteria:

  • Sufficient income to make payments: In order to benefit from Chapter 13, you have to be able to make monthly payments according to a repayment plan, which means you have to have a steady source of income.
  • Two (or more) mortgages: Again, primary mortgages cannot be modified in bankruptcy court.
  • An underwater home: Finally, you can only have debt declared unsecured if there is no property to secure it (that is, if your loan is worth more than your home). If your home value exceeds the amount of your primary mortgage, then at least a portion of the second mortgage is secured by the home, and cannot be excused by the court.

If you’re ready to find out whether this might work for you, connect with a bankruptcy lawyer today.

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With the housing market headed for what some analysts are calling a double-dip downturn, there’s been a lot in the news lately about homeowners who strategically default on their mortgages. Here’s a look at what that means, how strategic default relates to foreclosure and what you need to know if you’ve got a mortgage you can’t afford.

What Is a Strategic Default?

The mortgage manipulation known as the strategic default works like this:

  • A homeowner reassesses her debt situation: This can be spurred by a number of things, and in the current economic climate common triggers include having difficulty paying bills (though not necessarily making mortgage payments) and realizing that a home is now worth less than the amount of the mortgage loan.
  • A homeowner decides not to make mortgage payments: After a month or two of missed mortgage payments, the mortgage loan will be in default (or, said another way, the borrower will have defaulted on the loan). The decision is usually considered “strategic” because those who choose this path opt to meet other financial obligations in lieu of paying their mortgages.
  • The home goes into foreclosure: Because the homeowner stops making mortgage payments, the mortgage lender begins the foreclosure process and takes back the home.
  • The homeowner deals with the credit consequences: In addition to finding new housing, strategic defaulters must also face serious financial consequences. Strategically defaulting on a mortgage can seriously damage a credit score, and many lenders (of all kinds) may refuse to issue loans to those with strategic defaults on their record. Fannie Mae, for instance, has announced that strategic defaulters are banned from Fannie Mae mortgage loans for seven years after defaulting.

How Is Strategic Default Different from “Regular” Foreclosure?

A strategic default is a conscious choice on the part of a homeowner to stop making mortgage payments, even if those payments are still affordable. Those who choose to strategically default often indicate that they are no longer willing to pay for a loan worth more than their house.

“Regular” foreclosure happens when a homeowner can no longer afford a mortgage loan and so has no choice but to stop making payments. In both cases, the homeowner loses the house to the lender; in strategic defaults, doing so is a conscious decision on the part of the homeowner.

What Are Other Options for Struggling Homeowners?

Because of the serious credit consequences and questionable ethical nature of strategically defaulting, many homeowners are not willing to do it, even if their loan is bigger than they’d like. Alternatives include:

  • Applying for a mortgage modification: Some banks (assisted by federal programs) offer mortgage modification programs. To find out whether you might qualify, contact your bank as soon as possible.
  • Filing for Chapter 13 bankruptcy: Some homeowners are able to at least delay (and possibly prevent) mortgage foreclosure by filing for Chapter 13. If you’re interested in learning whether you qualify, contact a bankruptcy lawyer in your state.
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The credit rating agency Standard & Poor’s made waves last week when it announced that it had downgraded the outlook on U.S. debt from “stable” to “negative,” leaving many ordinary Americans wondering what the change means for the economy and how debt rating works in the first place.

Here’s a look at what our country’s debt rating might mean in future months and how that rating is like an individual credit score.

Rating the U.S. Debt

Currently, the United States has a credit rating of AAA, which is the highest rating possible. This rating indicates that the U.S. is a stable country and is likely to repay any loans it takes out. But there’s more to the story.

  • Outlook on U.S. debt: While the other two major credit rating agencies (Moody’s and Fitch Ratings) have not announced any changes to their ratings on the outlook for U.S. debt, Standard & Poor’s downgraded that rating last week, citing as one reason the continued inability of Congress to make a decision regarding the long-term future of spending policies.
  • A warning move: While the change in the outlook rating does not officially alter the country’s credit rating, it serves as a warning and reminder to legislators and others in positions of power that the country’s financial stability and credibility on the world stage are at stake.
  • Potential for positive impact: Some commentators have mentioned that the changed credit rating could actually prove beneficial to the country, as it may push Congress to act swiftly (and without unnecessary political posturing) in taking steps toward changing financial policy.

The Parallel with Individual Credit Ratings

As anyone who has ever file for bankruptcy, applied for a mortgage or thought about borrowing money for a car knows, individuals have credit ratings too. And, as with the credit rating for the United States, credit ratings for individuals are used to help lenders and investors determine whether or not to lend money to a person and on what terms.

If Standard & Poor’s actually downgraded the country’s credit rating, it would have a similar effect on the nation as seeing a drop in a credit score would for an individual. In other words, the U.S. would have more difficulty borrowing money and could suffer a variety of financial consequences.

So how can a country (or an individual) keep its credit rating as strong as possible?

  • Pay bills on time.
  • Pay down as much debt as possible.
  • Try to keep credit usage low (that is, stay well below the limit).
  • Keep old accounts active (but not maxed out).
  • Contact creditors before bill due dates if there is ever reason to expect inability to make timely payments.
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Wednesday, April 13th, 2011

New Solutions for Those with Mortgage Woes?

These days, many Americans are desperate to stay on top of mortgage payments, and are considering unorthodox ways to pay the bills. apparently, when a company called Adzookie offered to pay people’s mortgages for up to a year if those people would display large advertisements on their homes, applications flooded in by the thousands, as a recent report from Credit.com details.

The deal reportedly works like this: if you apply and are accepted into the program, Adzookie will paint advertisements on your home and pay your mortgage for three months (with a chance to renew for another nine if the ads remain in place).

While that may sound like heaven to some struggling homeowners, only a handful of people will be selected for this deal. So what can the rest of us do?

Finding Affordable Housing

Because of the tight standards of many refinancing programs, few homeowners are able to qualify. So that might mean a few things, one of which could be giving up a mortgage (whether with the help of personal bankruptcy or not) and renting for a while.

So how can you find affordable rent? By following these steps for negotiating:

  • Know the area: Figure out what people are paying for apartments in the neighborhood you want. In addition, try to determine whether there are more apartments than tenants or vice versa. If there are lots of vacancies, you have a better chance of negotiating a deal. You can do this by scouring local postings and asking people who rent nearby.
  • Consider amenities: Determine whether your potential apartment is bare-bones or all-inclusive. The former may provide you better negotiation opportunities, but make sure you’re able to find necessary services nearby—if you have to haul your laundry across town every time you’ve got dirty clothes, a small rent savings might not seem worthwhile in the long run.
  • Prove yourself: Offer to show to a potential landlord a strong credit report, a reference from a previous landlord or proof of steady income. A landlord who views you as a good credit risk is more likely to cut you a deal because she’ll be less likely to have to chase you down for rent or lose money on you.
  • Think outside the box: Offering to sign a lease longer than one year (which saves a landlord the work of finding new tenants), pay ahead of the due date (which saves a landlord worry and possibly money loss) or move in whenever works best for a landlord can all give you leverage in negotiations, as all these circumstances tend to ease a landlord’s financial (and worry) load.
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New reports highlight some interesting information about two topics near and dear to those who have filed or are considering filing for bankruptcy: underwater mortgages and student loan debt. Here’s a look at what kind of picture the latest numbers paint.

Students Don’t Need to Default to Be Behind on Loans

The Institute for Higher Education Policy released a report last week showing that two-fifths of those who borrowed money for educational purposes fell behind on their payments at some point in their first five years of repayment. So what does this mean?

  • Widespread repayment difficulties: These numbers may not even reflect the current rates of repayment difficulty, given that graduates in the last few years have faced a much tougher job market than those who graduated five years ago.
  • Old measures may be inadequate: Traditionally, studies on student debt have focused on the rate of default rather than delinquency. Looking at delinquent loans offers a clearer picture of how many people are struggling to repay their loans, even if they manage to get back on track at some point.
  • Bankruptcy not an option: Student loans are typically not dischargeable in bankruptcy court, which means that those with unmanageable student debt have few options for easing their debt burden. This is scary, considering that some estimates put the country’s total student debt at $896 billion, which is greater than our national credit card debt total.

Reports note that these numbers may affect the current debate in Congress over whether for-profit colleges and universities should be eligible for federally backed financial aid.

More Underwater Homes

Recent numbers released by a company called CoreLogic show that the number of underwater homes in the U.S. (that is, homes with a current value less than the amount of the mortgage on the house) has climbed since last quarter. Here’s a look at the numbers.

  • A reported 11.1 million U.S. homes were underwater in 2011’s first quarter, a jump from 10.8 million in the last quarter of 2010.
  • Nevada has a 65 percent rate of underwater mortgages, and is apparently the only state in which the average homeowner is underwater.
  • Besides the more than 11 million underwater homeowners in the U.S., 2.4 million Americans have less than five percent equity in their houses, according to sources.
  • Collectively, we reportedly owe about $751 billion more on mortgages than our homes are worth.
  • Analysts predict that home prices could fall by another five to 10 percent in 2011, meaning that those with little equity could soon find themselves underwater.

Unfortunately, mortgage loans for primary residences cannot be modified in bankruptcy court, but in some cases homeowners may find a Chapter 13 or Chapter 7 filing useful for eliminating other debts to help improve their odds of staying on track with their mortgages.

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Consumer credit use has dropped since the beginning of the Great Recession, which seems like good news for a country plagued by excessive consumer debt (often in the unhealthy, revolving credit-card type), as a recent report from Credit.com notes.

Here’s a look at some potential causes of that dip and how you can resist the urge to spend, even if you’re surrounded by good-time plastic-swipers.

What Do Lowered Credit Card Debt Numbers Really Mean?

The easy assumption is that Americans are purchasing less on credit and/or paying down the debt they currently have. But, according to some insiders, that may account for only part of the decrease in credit card debt we’ve seen lately. Here are some other potential causes:

  • Credit card issuer charge-offs: Credit card companies make a lot of money from fees and interest, but they also end up "charging off" a lot of debt each year. Of course, they can afford to do this because of all the other income they collect, but still. When a customer files for bankruptcy and has her credit card debt forgiven by the court, the company generally writes that off as lost revenue. Similarly, if a consumer simply cannot pay, the issuer may sell the debt to a collection agency and charge off that debt. These numbers may not show up in the report of how much credit card debt Americans are currently holding, so we may have racked up more than we actually have to pay off.
  • Tightened lending standards: Another result of the credit crisis we’ve found ourselves in is that lending standards for ordinary Americans have gotten tighter than ever before. This means that, even if an ordinary consumer may want to take on more debt, he may not be able to because nobody will lend to him. While this reads on a numbers-only report like lowered consumer debt, it can be a bad thing if consumers need access to lines of credit to buy cars or homes.
  • New credit card rules: Finally, some analysts have suggested that the new rules introduced by the Credit CARD Act have given consumers a better idea of what they’re getting themselves into when they sign up for credit cards, and thus acted as a preventative measure against excessive consumer debt.

Climb Aboard the Less-Debt Ship

So how can you take advantage of this trend to help improve your personal financial situation? Check out these tips on avoiding over-spending when you’re out with non-frugal buddies. Suggestions include:

  • Stick with cash so you don’t get caught with other people’s meals or drinks on your card;
  • Pretend you’re coming down with something to avoid being pressured into pricey drinks with dinner;
  • Think up something big you can say you’re saving for to avoid endless purchases… and then really save; and more.

No matter what your reasons for improving your financial profile, these tips should help you get a head start.

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Because the current recession was caused in large part by questionable practices in the mortgage market, home sales and foreclosure rates have been particularly interesting to monitor as an overall indicator of the economy’s rate of recovery.

Here’s a look at some of the latest findings and reports about the industry.

Home Sales Up Slightly, Thanks to Foreclosure Sales

The Associated Press reported this week that home sales in the U.S. rose from December 2010 to January of this year:

  • Rate of increase: Reports show that existing home sales (i.e. sales of not-new, previously occupied homes) rose at a rate of 2.7 percent between December and January.
  • Annual rate: The rate of sales in January put the market on pace to sell 5.36 million homes for the year. December’s sales were at a 5.22 million annual rate. A “healthy” economy, sources note, generally includes about six million home sales per year.
  • First time buyers: The latest numbers show that first-time home buyers accounted for 29 percent of all sales, well below the 40 percent that apparently is the hallmark of stronger economic times.
  • Hearty areas: Particularly strong types of home sales reportedly included foreclosure sales, at 37 percent of all transactions, and cash-only sales, which accounted for another 32 percent. Sources indicate that these numbers mark a doubling in such types of sales from two years ago.
  • Median home price: The glut of foreclosures now on the market continues to drive down home prices, and the median price in January was apparently $158,000, down 3.7 percent from this time last year and the lowest median in nearly a decade (since April 2002).
  • Unsold homes: Sources report that 3.38 million unsold homes still clog the nation and hold back the housing market’s recovery. At January’s rate of sales, it would take more than seven months to sell these homes.

New Changes on the Horizon for Mortgage Servicers?

A recent report at Credit.com notes that the federal government may be nearing an announcement of new regulations for the mortgage servicing industry. Here’s why:

  • During the subprime housing boom, mortgage servicers were often rewarded for signing customers up for more expensive loans than they could have qualified for.
  • This led to abusive practices by many mortgage servicers and caused many customers to pay more than they could have for their loans in interest rates and related services.
  • Since the collapse of the housing market, federal investigators have apparently been attempting to determine which practices were most detrimental to borrowers.
  • As the research period draws to a close, insiders are reportedly expecting the announcement of new regulations for the mortgage servicing industry in the coming weeks.
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A recent report from the New York Times highlights a troubling change in the banking industry: according to the Times, banks across the country have taken to closing branches in middle- and low-income neighborhoods even as they maintained or opened new branches in wealthier areas.

Personal finance experts of all stripes are understandably upset about the shift – fewer available banks could have disastrous consequences for the financial health of families in affected areas.

The High Cost of Being “Unbanked”

Here’s a look at some of the potential ramifications closing banks in poorer areas.

  • Increased reliance on payday lenders and check cashers: Without nearby bank branches, families in effected communities will be pushed to rely for their financial needs on so-called “predatory” lenders such as payday loan stores, cash advance outfits and check cashers. Such organizations can contribute to a cycle of poverty by charging high interest rates and fees for their services without offering clients a vehicle for saving their money.
  • Diminished saving incentives and opportunities: Without ready access to savings accounts, people living in communities without brick-and-mortar banks have a slimmer chance at reaping the benefits of opening a savings account (including earning interest on their money). In the long term, this can make financial emergencies particularly devastating, and can lead to bankruptcy filings.
  • Damaged credit and decreased ability to get loans: One thing that a savings account does is to bolster a person’s credit rating – when lenders run a credit check, they can view the status of a potential borrower’s bank accounts. Those with accounts in good standing who have a cash cushion available to them are considered better credit risks than those without any cash reserves. This can affect interest rates a borrower pays and thus determine how expensive or inexpensive a loan is.

A Look at the Numbers

So how dramatic was the shift toward closing banks in lower-income areas in the last two years? Here’s a look at the numbers, as reported in the Times:

  • More closings than openings: 2010 reportedly marked the first year in a decade and a half that more banks closed their doors in the U.S. than opened them.
  • Number of closings: In 2009, the country boasted 99,550 bank branches; last year, that number had fallen to 98,517 branches, nearly a 1,000-branch drop.
  • Number of unbanked Americans: It seems that as many as 30 million Americans rely primarily or in part on “non-traditional” financial institutions like check cashers and payday lenders – that’s about 10 percent of the country.
  • Big banks participating: While some smaller banks reportedly closed branches as part of consolidation moves to survive serious debt, it seems that Bank of America also closed 25 branches in communities with moderate income levels and opened 14 in richer places.

So why is this happening? On proposed reason is that the Community Reinvestment Act, meant to improve financial opportunities in poorer areas, is being insufficiently enforced.

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Wednesday, February 23rd, 2011

Checking in on the Credit CARD Act

A recent report from the Center for Responsible Lending suggests that the reforms introduced by the Credit CARD Act of 2009 are working to improve transparency in the marketing of credit cards to consumers.

In case you need a refresher course, the Credit Card Accountability Responsibility and Disclosure Act was designed to improve transparency from banks and other credit card issuers so that consumers could navigate the world of credit with greater ease and less financial distress. Here’s a look at just how much this consumer protection legislation has changed.

  • Advertised credit card interest rates: Before the passage of the Credit CARD Act, the CRL reports, the discrepancy between the rates advertised by credit card offers and those that consumers actually paid had reached unprecedented highs. In fact, according to the report, between 2004 and 2008, the difference between promoted rates and real rates was at its greatest ever.
  • Higher advertised rates means more honesty: Since the passage of the CARD Act, it seems, credit card offers have come branded with higher (and closer to actual) advertised interest rates.
  • More transparency in pricing: According to the CRL, new rules governing the way credit cards can advertise their interest rates has led to the exposure of as much as $12.1 billion in annual fees. In other words, credit card companies are now presenting more honest pictures of how much their products cost consumers.
  • Interest rates on credit cards constant: Despite the increases in advertised interest rates, the report shows, consumers have not actually paid more in interest since the passage of the CARD Act. This suggests that, rather than increasing the cost of credit card products, the new laws simply made those costs more readily apparent to consumers.
  • Credit card offers constant: The CRL notes in its report that direct-mail offers of credit products have been extended at a volume “consistent with economic conditions,” suggesting that, while the overall total may have fallen since boom times, the drop-off can be attributed to the tight economy and not to restrictions imposed by the new law.

What Does Better Transparency Mean for You?

As a consumer, how can you expect to benefit from the changes that have been spurred by the passage of the Credit CARD Act? The CRL lists a few ways:

  • Better transparency means more competition: According to the CRL, improved transparency among credit card issuers will spur positive competition – as banks abandon the trends of hidden fees and deceptive pricing, more banks and lenders should follow suit, which should eventually translate to lower consumer costs.
  • Tighter rules do not mean less available credit: Though some critics of the CARD Act suggested that the restrictions on lending and increased disclosure requirements would mean a decrease in overall credit availability, numbers from actual research have not borne out those predictions.
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Monday, February 21st, 2011

The Changing Face of Mortgage Loans

Since the start of the mortgage foreclosure crisis in 2007, the mortgage industry in the U.S. has changed significantly. And, according to a recent piece in the Wall Street Journal, one of the latest changes being noted is a push by banks for larger down payments on mortgage loans.

Here’s a look at what that might mean for potential homeowners, the housing market and the recovery of the U.S. economy.

More Money Down = Fewer People Buying Homes?

The WSJ reports on how the home-buying landscape has changed in recent years:

  • Down payments at all-time high: One online real estate information base, Zillow.com, has apparently been keeping track of median down payments required by lenders since 1997, and this year’s median (22 percent of the home’s value) is the highest that number has been since the tracking began.
  • Steep rise in required down payments: What’s more, sources report, that 22 percent figure marks a doubling of the median down payment required just three years ago! In other words, banks have reacted swiftly and decisively to the turmoil in the housing market.
  • Higher stakes for homeowners: It seems that the push for higher down payments has been largely driven by lenders, as a reaction to findings that homeowners with more of their money on the line (i.e. those who make larger down payments up front) are less likely to default on payments or go into foreclosure than those with less money at stake.
  • Alternative lending assistance sought: The Journal notes that, because many potential homebuyers cannot afford a 22 percent down payment, there’s been an uptick in applications for mortgage assistance programs designed to help select groups of people (including veterans).

A More Realistic Picture of Homeownership?

While owning a home has long been considered part of the “American Dream,” the real estate bubble’s devastating effects on the housing market has left some people questioning whether homeownership is in fact for everyone.

Considered from a broad perspective, tightened mortgage regulations could well be a good thing for the U.S. economy as a whole: with lending practices that require more fiscally conservative borrowing and spending, the housing market will have less of a chance to spiral out of control and create another boom-and-bust cycle like the one we’re currently digging out of.

Worried about Your Mortgage?

If you’re currently saddled with an unaffordable mortgage (or one that’s gotten out of your reach because of job loss or reduction), you may be able to benefit from the foreclosure-prevention power of Chapter 13 bankruptcy, which may allow you to catch up on your mortgage payments or sort out your living arrangements without the pressure of creditors breathing down your neck.

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